10 common causes of knee pain

 

Why Do My Knees Hurt? 10 Common Causes of Knee Pain and When to See a Doctor

Knee pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints affecting people of all ages. Whether you are an athlete, office worker, older adult, or someone who enjoys walking for exercise, knee pain can interfere with your daily activities and reduce your quality of life.

The knee is the largest joint in the human
body. It connects the thigh bone (femur) to the shin bone (tibia) and is supported by cartilage, ligaments, tendons, muscles, and fluid-filled sacs called bursae. Because the knee carries much of your body weight and absorbs impact during movement, it is particularly vulnerable to injuries and wear over time.

Common Symptoms of Knee Pain

• Pain while walking or climbing stairs
• Swelling around the knee
• Stiffness
• Redness or warmth
• Popping or clicking
• Knee locking or giving way
• Difficulty bearing weight

1. Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis is the most common cause of chronic knee pain. Cartilage gradually wears away, allowing bones to rub together, causing pain, stiffness, and swelling.

2. Knee Injuries (Sprains and Strains)

Sprains and strains affect ligaments, tendons, or muscles around the knee, often after falls, sports, or twisting injuries.

3. Meniscus Tear

The meniscus cushions the knee. A tear may cause pain, swelling, clicking, locking, and difficulty straightening the leg.

4. Ligament Injuries

ACL, MCL, PCL, and LCL injuries commonly occur during sports and may cause a popping sound, swelling, instability, and severe pain.

5. Tendinitis

Inflammation of the tendon, often due to repetitive jumping, running, or kneeling.

6. Bursitis

Inflammation of the fluid-filled bursae around the knee causes swelling, warmth, and tenderness.

7. Gout

Uric acid crystals can build up in the knee, causing sudden severe pain, redness, and swelling.

8. Rheumatoid Arthritis

An autoimmune disease that causes inflammation, stiffness, swelling, and pain in both knees.

9. Overuse Injuries

Repeated stress from running, cycling, or heavy physical work can gradually damage tissues around the knee.

10. Excess Body Weight

Extra body weight increases pressure on the knees and raises the risk of osteoarthritis.

Diagnosis

• Medical history
• Physical examination
• X-rays
• MRI scans
• Blood tests when needed

Treatment

• Rest
• Ice
• Compression
• Elevation (RICE)
• Pain relief as advised
• Physiotherapy
• Weight management
• Surgery for severe cases

Prevention

• Maintain a healthy weight
• Exercise regularly
• Strengthen leg muscles
• Wear supportive footwear
• Warm up before activity

When to See a Doctor

Seek medical care for severe pain, inability to bear weight, marked swelling, deformity, fever, or persistent symptoms.

Conclusion

Knee pain has many possible causes, from injuries to arthritis. Early evaluation and healthy lifestyle habits can help protect your joints and improve mobility.

Disclaimer: This article is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice.