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  What Causes Leg Swelling?  8 Possible Medical Reasons Introduction Leg swelling, medically known as edema, occurs when excess fluid builds up in the tissues of the legs, ankles, or feet. While occasional swelling can happen after long periods of standing or sitting, persistent or sudden swelling may signal an underlying medical condition. Understanding the possible causes can help you know when to seek medical attention. 1. Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) Deep Vein Thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in a deep vein, usually in the leg. This condition can block normal blood flow and cause swelling, pain, and redness. If the clot travels to the lungs, it can lead to a serious condition called pulmonary embolism. Swelling in one leg Pain or tenderness in the calf Warm or red skin 2. Heart Disease When the heart cannot pump blood efficiently, fluid can accumulate in the legs and feet. This is often seen in people with heart failure. 3. Kidney Disease ...